this horrible sickness!
"Loss of balance" does NOT require a card. Falling, including actions
where one's knee touches the floor, does require a card.
"Displacing" is NOT illegal. Covering target with one's head, hair, or
back arm is illegal.
(All I want for Christmas is for more and more fencers to learn the rules
and for those who do not know the rules to stop incorrectly stating their
ideas of what the rules are.)
Happy Holidays!
George
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George Kolombatovich Director of Fencing, Columbia University